Амелия Каролина Спаравинья, профессор физики из Политехнического университета Турина (Италия), обнаружила, что сады Тадж-Махала были организованы с учетом того, как движется солнце.
Тадж-Махал был построен в 1652 году по приказу императора Шах-Джахана из династии Великих Моголов в память о любимой жене, умершей при родах в 1631 году. Позже Шах-Джахан был также похоронен в мавзолее. Сад Тадж-Махала состоит из четырех частей. Известно, что он был создан как символическое отображение райского сада. От центрального источника на четыре стороны света отходят четыре канала.
Профессор Спаравинья изучила снимки спутника Google Earth в высоком разрешении и проанализировала их, используя программу Sun Calc, позволяющую высчитать положение солнца в любое время в любом месте. Оказалось, что в устройстве сада архитекторы Тадж-Махала использовали шесть основных направлений: два главных сочленения: север — юг и запад — восток, а также четыре, определяемых восходом и закатом во время летнего и зимнего солнцестояния. Так, если встать в центре северной части сада в день летнего солнцестояния, то солнце взойдет точно над северо-восточным павильоном, пройдет над Тадж-Махалом и его минаретами и опустится с другой стороны от него за северо-западным павильоном, создавая вокруг мавзолея красивый эффект солнечного обрамления. Кстати, как обнаружила профессор Спаравинья, подобная ориентация на положение солнца характерна и для других построек Могольской империи.
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